一、准备工作：获取目标磁盘信息
（1）确认分区表格式和文件系统
运行以下命令确认数据盘的分区表格式
[root@staros ~]#fdisk -lu /dev/sda
Disk /dev/vdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x9277b47b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 41943039 20970496 83 Linux
注意:Disk label type 的值为 dos 则分区是 MBR，若该结果的值为 gpt 则分区是 GPT
运行以下命令确认已有分区的文件系统类型
[root@staros ~]# blkid /dev/vdb1
/dev/vdb1: UUID="e97bf1e2-fc84-4c11-9652-73********24" TYPE="ext4"
注意:TYPE 的值为 ext4 则文件系统类型为 ext4，若该结果的值为 xfs 则文件系统类型为 xfs
ext*文件系统使用 resize2fs 命令扩容文件系统 xfs 文件系统使用 xfs_growfs 命令扩容文件系统
说明
为了防止数据丢失，不建议扩容已挂载的分区和文件系统。请先取消挂载（umount）分区，完成扩容并正常使用后，重新挂载（mount）。针对不同的 Linux 内核版本，推荐以下操作方式：
实例内核版本小于 3.6：先取消挂载该分区，再修改分区表，最后扩容文件系统。
实例内核版本大于等于 3.6：先修改对应分区表，再通知内核更新分区表，最后扩容文件系统。
二、扩容已有 MBR 分区
fdisk 命令主要用于 MBR 分区表的操作
MBR： MBR 分区表支持最多四个主分区，其中一个可以是扩展分区，该扩展分区可以包含多个逻辑分区。由于 MBR 使用 32 位的扇区偏移值来寻址，因此 MBR 分区表的最大容量为 2 TB
（1）分区后扩容
/dev/sdb 有 10G，只有一个分区/dev/sdb1。将其扩大至 20G，将新增的 10G 划分至已有的/dev/sdb1 内
ext 为例
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 ext4 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /data
执行以下命令，安装 growpart 扩容工具
yum install cloud-utils-growpart -y
[root@staros ~]# echo 1 > /sys/block/sdb/device/rescan #如果数据盘扩容后容量大小未变执行此命令让内核扫描并重新识别连接到 sdb 磁盘的所有磁盘驱动器
[root@staros ~]# growpart /dev/sdb 1
CHANGED: partition=1 start=2048 old: size=20969472 end=20971520 new: size=41940959 end=41943007
[root@staros ~]# resize2fs /dev/sdb1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/sdb1 is mounted on /data; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
The filesystem on /dev/sdb1 is now 5242619 blocks long.
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 ext4 20G 44M 19G 1% /data
如果不使用 growpart 命令 手动扩容如下
[root@staros ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p #查看分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2e714d05
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 20971519 10484736 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d #删除当前 1 分区 切记不要 w 保存退出 会造成数据丢失
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 is deleted
Command (m for help): n #选择分区类型
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #选择主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039):
Using default value 41943039
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2e714d05
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41943039 20970496 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w #以上操作保存退出 如果中途命令输入错误 ctrl+c 回退所有命令 重头再开始
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@staros ~]# partprobe
[root@staros ~]# resize2fs /dev/sdb1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/sdb1 is mounted on /data; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
The filesystem on /dev/sdb1 is now 5242624 blocks long.
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 ext4 20G 44M 19G 1% /data
xfs 为例
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 xfs 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /data
执行以下命令，安装 growpart 扩容工具
yum install cloud-utils-growpart -y
[root@staros ~]# echo 1 > /sys/block/sdb/device/rescan #如果数据盘扩容后容量大小未变执行此命令让内核扫描并重新识别连接到 sdb 磁盘的所有磁盘驱动器
[root@staros ~]# growpart /dev/sdb 1
CHANGED: partition=1 start=2048 old: size=20969472 end=20971520 new: size=41940959 end=41943007
[root@staros ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/sdb1
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 xfs 20G 44M 19G 1% /data
如果不使用 growpart 命令 手动扩容如下
[root@staros ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p #打印分区表
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2e714d05
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 20971519 10484736 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d #删除分区
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 is deleted
Command (m for help): n #选择主分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #默认选择 primary
Partition number (1-4, default 1): #默认选择 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039):
Using default value 41943039
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2e714d05
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41943039 20970496 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w #保存修改并退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@staros ~]# partprobe
[root@staros ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdf isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 xfs 20G 44M 19G 1% /data
三、扩容已有 GPT 分区
parted 命令主要用于 GPT 分区表的操作
GPT： GPT 分区表支持更大的硬盘容量。它使用 64 位的逻辑块地址，因此可以支持超过 2 TB 的硬盘容量
（1）分区后扩容
ext 为例
/dev/sdf1 有 10G。将数据盘容量扩大至 20G，将新增的 10G 划分至已有的/dev/sdf1 内
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 20M 1.9G 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata ext4 689G 69M 658G 1% /data
/dev/sdf1 ext4 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /aaa
[root@staros ~]# parted /dev/sdf
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdf
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print
Error: The backup GPT table is not at the end of the disk, as it should be. This might mean that another operating system believes the
disk is smaller. Fix, by moving the backup to the end (and removing the old backup)?
Fix/Ignore/Cancel? Fix #若界面提示 Fix/Ignore/Cancel?和 Fix/Ignore?，均输入 Fix 即可
Warning: Not all of the space available to /dev/sdf appears to be used, you can fix the GPT to use all of the space (an extra 20971520
blocks) or continue with the current setting?
Fix/Ignore? Fix
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdf: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 10.7GB 10.7GB ext4 primary
(parted) rm 1 #删除 1 分区
(parted) mkpart primary 1049kB 100% #原分区的起始扇区为 1049kB，且要将扩容后的总容量全部分配给该分区
(parted) print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdf: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 21.5GB 21.5GB ext4 primary
(parted) quit #退出
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@staros ~]# resize2fs /dev/sdf1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Please run 'e2fsck -f /dev/sdf1' first.
[root@staros ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/sdf1 #检测磁盘
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/sdf1: 11/655360 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 83137/2620928 blocks
[root@staros ~]# resize2fs /dev/sdf1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/sdf1 to 5242368 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/sdf1 is now 5242368 blocks long.
[root@staros ~]# mount /dev/sdf1 /aaa
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 20M 1.9G 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata ext4 689G 69M 658G 1% /data
/dev/sdf1 ext4 20G 44M 19G 1% /aaa
xfs 为例
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 20M 1.9G 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata ext4 689G 69M 658G 1% /data
/dev/sdf1 xfs 10G 33M 10G 1% /aaa
[root@staros ~]# parted /dev/sdf
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdf
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print
Error: The backup GPT table is not at the end of the disk, as it should be. This might mean that another operating system believes the
disk is smaller. Fix, by moving the backup to the end (and removing the old backup)?
Fix/Ignore/Cancel? fix
Warning: Not all of the space available to /dev/sdf appears to be used, you can fix the GPT to use all of the space (an extra 20971520
blocks) or continue with the current setting?
Fix/Ignore? fix
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdf: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 10.7GB 10.7GB xfs primary
(parted) rm 1
(parted) mkpart primary 1049kB 100%
(parted) print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdf: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 21.5GB 21.5GB xfs primary
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@staros ~]# mount /dev/sdf1 /aaa
[root@staros ~]# xfs_growfs /aaa
meta-data=/dev/sdf1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655232 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2620928, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2620928 to 5242368
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 20M 1.9G 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata ext4 689G 69M 658G 1% /data
/dev/sdf1 xfs 20G 33M 20G 1% /aaa
[root@staros ~]#
四、未分区扩容
/dev/sdb 有 10G，未分区直接挂载。将数据盘容量扩大至 20G，将新增的 10G 划分至已有的/dev/sdb 内
ext 为例
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb ext4 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /data
[root@staros ~]# echo 1 > /sys/block/sdb/device/rescan
[root@staros ~]# resize2fs /dev/sdb
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/sdb is mounted on /data; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
The filesystem on /dev/sdb is now 5242880 blocks long.
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb ext4 20G 44M 19G 1% /data
xfs 为例
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb xfs 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /data
[root@staros ~]# echo 1 > /sys/block/sdb/device/rescan
[root@staros ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/sdb
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb xfs 20G 44M 19G 1% /data
五、LVM
（1）通过 LVM 创建逻辑卷
三块大小为 100G 的磁盘，通过 LVM 创建逻辑卷并挂载目录
ext 为例
[root@staros ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 55G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 800M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 39.2G 0 part
│ ├─centos-root 253:0 0 52.2G 0 lvm /
│ └─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─sda3 8:3 0 5G 0 part
│ └─centos-root 253:0 0 52.2G 0 lvm /
└─sda4 8:4 0 10G 0 part
└─centos-root 253:0 0 52.2G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 100G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 100G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
[root@staros ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
[root@staros ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc
Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.
[root@staros ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd
Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created.
[root@staros ~]# vgcreate vgdata /dev/sdb
Volume group "vgdata" successfully created
[root@staros ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 3 2 0 wz--n- <54.21g 0
vgdata 1 0 0 wz--n- <100.00g <100.00g
[root@staros ~]# vgextend vgdata /dev/sdc
Volume group "vgdata" successfully extended
[root@staros ~]# vgextend vgdata /dev/sdd
Volume group "vgdata" successfully extended
[root@staros ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 3 2 0 wz--n- <54.21g 0
vgdata 3 0 0 wz--n- <299.99g <299.99g
[root@staros ~]# lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n lvdata vgdata
Logical volume "lvdata" created.
[root@staros ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- <52.21g
swap centos -wi-ao---- 2.00g
lvdata vgdata -wi-a----- <299.99g
[root@staros ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vgdata/lvdata
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
19660800 inodes, 78640128 blocks
3932006 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2227175424
2400 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@staros ~]# mount /dev/vgdata/lvdata /data
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata ext4 296G 65M 281G 1% /data
[root@staros ~]# vim /etc/fstab #末尾添加
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata /data ext4 defaults 0 0
xfs 为例
[root@staros ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 55G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 800M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 39.2G 0 part
│ ├─centos-root 253:0 0 52.2G 0 lvm /
│ └─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─sda3 8:3 0 5G 0 part
│ └─centos-root 253:0 0 52.2G 0 lvm /
└─sda4 8:4 0 10G 0 part
└─centos-root 253:0 0 52.2G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 100G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 100G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
[root@staros ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
[root@staros ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc
Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.
[root@staros ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd
Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created.
[root@staros ~]# vgcreate vgdata /dev/sdb
Volume group "vgdata" successfully created
[root@staros ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 3 2 0 wz--n- <54.21g 0
vgdata 1 0 0 wz--n- <100.00g <100.00g
[root@staros ~]# vgextend vgdata /dev/sdc
Volume group "vgdata" successfully extended
[root@staros ~]# vgextend vgdata /dev/sdd
Volume group "vgdata" successfully extended
[root@staros ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 3 2 0 wz--n- <54.21g 0
vgdata 3 0 0 wz--n- <299.99g <299.99g
[root@staros ~]# lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n lvdata vgdata
Logical volume "lvdata" created.
[root@staros ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- <52.21g
swap centos -wi-ao---- 2.00g
lvdata vgdata -wi-a----- <299.99g
[root@staros ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/vgdata/lvdata
[root@staros ~]# mount /dev/vgdata/lvdata /data
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata xfs 296G 65M 281G 1% /data
[root@staros ~]# vim /etc/fstab #末尾添加
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata /data xfs defaults 0 0
（2）扩容逻辑卷
方式一：扩容磁盘以扩容逻辑卷容量
其中一块磁盘扩容到 200G 如何扩容逻辑卷
ext 为例
[root@staros ~]# pvresize /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
[root@staros ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vgdata/lvdata
Size of logical volume vgdata/lvdata changed from <299.99 GiB (76797 extents) to <399.99 GiB (102397 extents).
Logical volume vgdata/lvdata successfully resized.
[root@staros ~]# resize2fs /dev/vgdata/lvdata
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/vgdata/lvdata is mounted on /data; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 38, new_desc_blocks = 50
The filesystem on /dev/vgdata/lvdata is now 104854528 blocks long.
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata ext4 394G 72M 375G 1% /data=
xfs 为例
[root@staros ~]# pvresize /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
[root@staros ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vgdata/lvdata
Size of logical volume vgdata/lvdata changed from <299.99 GiB (76797 extents) to <399.99 GiB (102397 extents).
Logical volume vgdata/lvdata successfully resized.
[root@staros ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vgdata/lvdata
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata xfs 394G 72M 375G 1% /data
方式二：新增磁盘以扩容逻辑卷容量
新增一块 200G 磁盘 sde 如何增加到逻辑卷
ext 为例
[root@staros ~]# pvcreate /dev/sde
Physical volume "/dev/sde" successfully created.
[root@staros ~]# vgextend vgdata /dev/sde
Volume group "vgdata" successfully extended
[root@staros ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata
Size of logical volume vgdata/lvdata changed from <499.99 GiB (127997 extents) to 699.98 GiB (179196 extents).
Logical volume vgdata/lvdata successfully resized.
[root@staros ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata is mounted on /data; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 63, new_desc_blocks = 88
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata is now 183496704 blocks long.
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 20M 1.9G 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata ext4 689G 69M 658G 1% /data
xfs 为例
[root@staros ~]# pvcreate /dev/sde
Physical volume "/dev/sde" successfully created.
[root@staros ~]# vgextend vgdata /dev/sde
Volume group "vgdata" successfully extended
[root@staros ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata
Size of logical volume vgdata/lvdata changed from <499.99 GiB (127997 extents) to 699.98 GiB (179196 extents).
Logical volume vgdata/lvdata successfully resized.
[root@staros ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata
[root@staros ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 20M 1.9G 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 53G 3.2G 50G 6% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 797M 151M 647M 19% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata xfs 689G 69M 658G 1% /data
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